This article on the law related to Benami property in India is written by Debasis Bhowal, pursuing M.A. in business law from NUJS, Kolkata.
The Benami transactions (prohibition) Amendment act came into force on 01.11.2016. Income Tax sleuths have started collecting details of Benami transactions and properties as a prelude to the crackdown on black money. The process of data mining is on and an all out data mining drive shall commence from 01.01.17. Original Benami transactions act 1988 has been amended to make it more stringent. Directors of shell companies who hardly gets the remuneration of 10,000/- per month. Doctors, Industrialists, and politicians belong to categories of Benami transactors who thrives behinds such type of suspicious persons.
The Benami transaction is one where a property is held by one person and the amount for it is paid by another. The transaction is done to benefit the person who pays for the property either directly or indirectly. The prohibition of Benami property transaction act, 1988 is an amendment of the older Benami transaction (prohibition) Act 1988 and has come into force from 01.11.2016. It prohibits illegal Benami transaction and provides imprisonment up to seven years and fine for violation of the act which may extend to 25% of the fair market value of the Benami property. The new law provides for authorities to conduct inquiries on any Benami transactions. These are initiating officer, approving authorities administrator and adjudicating authority.
Under the new law, the appellate tribunal will hear appeals against orders passed by the adjudicating authority. Appeals against orders of the tribunal, in turn, will be heard by the High Court. The Benami transaction (prohibition) amendment act will come into force 01.11.2016 as per sources close to the Central Board of Direct Taxes. It is an act of the parliament of India that prohibits benami transaction and the right to recover Benami properties. It came into forces on 05.09.1988. The Benami transaction is any transaction in which properties are transferred to one person for a consideration paid by another person. Benami is a Hindi language word that means without a name or no name in this act. The word is used to define a transaction in which the real beneficiary is not the one in whose name the property is purchased. As a result, the person in whose name the property purchased is just a mask of the real beneficiary. In 1973 the law commission of India after studying various act and prevailing Benami system recommended formulating and act. to tackle the issue. Accordingly the Benami transaction (prohibition) act 1988 was enacted by the parliament which came into force on 19.05.1998. However, due to various deficiencies in the act, the rules required for operationalizing the act were not framed. To address these deficiencies several years later in 2011, the Government of India introduced Benami Transactions ( Prohibition) bill 2011. In an attempt to curb black money in July 2016, the Modi Government decided to amend the original act which was subsequently passed by parliament as the Benami Transaction (Prohibition) amendment act 2016. Thereafter the Government notified the provisions of the act to come into force from 01.11.2016. Various Newspapers reported that the Benami act along with the black money undisclosed foreign income and assets and the imposition of Tax act 2015 will help the Government in its fight against black money both within and outside the Country. The 2016 act also has safeguard mechanisms such as the adjudicating authority and the appellate mechanisms for appeals. The act prohibits illegal Benami transactions and provides imprisonment up to seven years and fine for violation of the act which may extend to 25% of the fair market value of the Benami property.
In the Mann ki Baat programme on A, R the Prime Minister affirmed that Benami property law is to be operationed soon. After attacking black money by demonetization of high value currency notes the PM is all set to take on benami property to check corruption. In his last mann ki bat of the year Modi said the Government will soon operationalize strong law to effectively deal with Benami property. He said that the authorities will soon take action against Benami property. This is a major step to eradicate corruption and black money. They are going to take action against the properties which are purchased in the name of others. Those are the properties of this country. They are empowered to confiscate deposits of people using others accounts to convert unaccounted wealth into white money. But it seems it has not deterred the corrupt from amassing Benami properties. Hopefully the Government will make further amendment in the existing law or may bring a new law as per relevant sources. Such properties also included properties held in the name of spouses or child for the amount is paid from known sources of income. A joint property with brother, sister or other relatives for which the amount is paid out of known sources of income also falls under benami property. The transaction involved in the same is called Benami transactions. As a usual practice to evade taxation, people invest there black money in buying benami property. The real owner of these properties are hard to trace due to fake names and identities. The person on whose name the property is purchased is called benamder. The benami transaction include buying assets of any kind- movable, immovable, tangible, intangible, any rights or interest or legal documents.
As a sequel to evasion of massive income taxes due to investment in benami properties the Government and this country is deprived of real wealth in reinvesting in developmental work and upliftment of the common people this Government is going in the right direction to unearth the black money and putting back the economy in real motion for attainment to dizzy heights.
